Women and Divorce in the Victorian Era Essay -- Victorian Era

Women and Divorce in the Victorian Era â€Å"There's a sanctity in this relation of life," said Mr. Bounderby, "and - and - it must be kept up." --Hard Times, 73 Once married, only one in ten women divorced. --â€Å"Life for Women† For Victorians, divorce was not only extremely expensive, it was very hard to do. Women and men stayed in unhappy marriages for numerous reasons. Many stayed away from divorce because of the stigma attached to divorced women. It was also considered a societal taboo. â€Å"Prior to 1857 England was the only Protestant country in Europe that did not have provisions for civil divorce. Divorce could only be obtained through private Acts of Parliament† (â€Å"Divorce†). Divorces were very hard to attain because there was no civil divorce. Private Acts were inconvenient and extremely costly. The poor had no way to attempt divorce under these circumstances. Just 322 divorces were approved prior to the passing of the 1857 Divorce and Matrimonial Causes Act. Subsequent to this Act passing, divorce rates rose to about 369 in 1890, and 560 in 1900. (â€Å"Divorce†). Divorce laws highlighted the unequal status of women to men through the unequal circumstances which divorce was granted. A man could divorce a woman merely on the grounds of adultery. Yet a woman had to prove her husband guilty of adultery â€Å"†¦combined with cruelty, bigamy, incest, or bestiality† (â€Å"Marriage†). The unequal status of women to men was also evident through how the courts classified married and single females. When a Victorian man and woman married, the rights of the woman were legally given over to her spouse. â€Å"This suspension of the married woman’s legal personality was known as â€Å"coverture†. An unmarried woman was known in the law as a feme sole (... ...n before and during her marriage. * 1883: Custody Acts: allowed for women to be awarded custody of children up to the age of 16 (Moore par.4-5). Works Cited Dickens, Charles. Hard Times. Pearson Education. 2004. â€Å"Divorce.† The 1890’s, An Encyclopedia of British Literature, Art, and Culture. New York. Garland Publishing, INC. 1993. â€Å"Interesting Facts.† 5 November 2004. . â€Å"Life for Women.† 2004. 7 November 2004. . â€Å"Marriage and Divorce.† Victorian Britain, An Encyclopedia. New York. Garland Publishing, INC. 1988. Moore, Melissa. â€Å"Women’s Issues Now & Then, A Feminist Overview of the Past 2 Centuries.† 2004. 6 November 2004. .

Ethics in Nursing Essay

Nurses are to provide compassionate, competent, and ethical care, and follow the moral principles and guidelines set out by the College of Nurses and the Canadian Nurse’s Association’s code of ethics. The nursing profession is a self-sacrificing one, and nurses take on the Nightingale Pledge, to elevate the standard of their practice and dedicate themselves to those committed in their care (Keatings & Smith, 2010, p. 64) However unfavourable working conditions, inadequate patient to nurse ratios, and intensive job-related stress can lead to poor performance of daily routines, and adversely patient safety (Ozata et al., 2013). In the situation regarding Mr. Gurt who suffers from Parkinson’s disease, it is vital for the nurse to weigh him at the beginning of each month. This is her obligation under her employing institution’s standards of care, as well under the autonomy of her practise in which any deviation from this could result in exposure to liability ( Austin 2006, p. 62). In order for the nurse to properly care for Mr. Gurt, assessing his accurate weight is essential in providing a care plan that will focus on his overall wellness and healing. Because Mr. Gurt is frail, and has stage one pressure ulcers on both heels and his coccyx, it is imperative that he has every opportunity to build up his skin integrity and prevent future disruption of his skin surface. Complications that may arise because of the nurse’s neglect in failing to weigh him, may contribute to other underlying problems. General health concerns Mr. Gurt would be facing on top of his current co- morbidities would include a decline his general appearance, gastrointestinal, neurologic, integumentary, and musculoskeletal systems (Holloway, 2004, p. 80). By recording a weight of 70kg with a height of 170cm, the nurse calculated Mr. Gurt’s Body Mass Index (BMI) at 24.2 which is borderline overweight, when in fact it was 14.5, with 18.5 being the baseline for being underweight ( http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/guidelines/ obesity/ BMI/bmicalc.htm., n.d.). According to this value, it would be likely that Mr. Gurt would suffer from imbalanced nutrition, less than his body requirements leading to other complications and failing to thrive. Nanda defines failure to thrive as the progressive functional deterioration of a physical and cognitive nature. The individual’s ability to live with multisystem diseases, cope with  ensuing problems, and manage his care are remarkably diminished (Ackley & Ladwig, 2011, p. 350). To add on to potential problems, drug doses are given based on factors such as age, gender, and the weight of a patient (Raman-Wilms, 2013). Since Mr. Gurt is elderly and suffering from the effects of Parkinson’s with an imbalance of neurotransmitter activity between dopamine and acetylcholine, there may be fewer receptors and a decrease in neurotransmitters to take up his drugs (Raman-Wilms, 2013). Levadopa a dopaminergic medication which treats the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease should be reviewed with body weight changes (Raman-Wilms, 2013). A study looking into the factors of weight loss in Parkinson’s looked at the effects of dopaminergic treatment which suggested that the drug had a lipolytic effect and body mass fat was decreased with the advancement of Parkinson’s symptoms (Lorefalt, 2004, p.186). The potential magnitude and likelihood of harm occurring in this case is significant as drug tolerances, adverse effects, and toxic effects are high, making the liver and kidneys susceptible to disease (Urquhart, 2014), as Mr. Gurt’s body mass index indicates he is underweight and a higher risk for drug overdoses. Effectiveness of this drug will diminish over time in which the adverse effects may become severe and may include palpitations, abdominal movement, dizziness, and confusion (Raman-Wilms, 2013, p. 331). Incorrect doses of his medication could lead to physical and psychological issues based on the nurses documented weight and his actual weight. Failing to weigh Mr. Gurt will have a great impact on his nutritional needs, but will also affect his ability to heal his pressure ulcers on his heels and coccyx. Mr. Gurt is emaciated which may be in part to dysphasia, tremors, still muscles, and slow movements among other symptoms of Parkinson’s (Wilk & Newmaster, 2013, p. 288). As well, Mr. Gurt’s weight is evidence that he is not receiving the nutritional intake his body’s immune system requires to create the proteins and blood cells (macrophages the body’s first line of defence), needed to attack and repair his wounds, and prevent the risk for infection (Raman-Wilms, 2013). The nurse’s blatant disregard to weigh Mr. Gurt puts him at greater risk for infection and is a form of negligence. Negligence in nursing can be unintentional, however it is important to understand the effects this has on health professionals practicing in Ontario. A registered nurse is responsible to follow the standard of care when performing nursing  acts under autonomy within their scope of practise (College of Nurses, 2004) (CNO, 2004). Standard of Care is the legal benchmark against which a person’s conduct is measured to determine whether a person has been negligent and whether the person’s conduct or actions in a given situation have met those expected of a competent health care professional (Keatings & Smith, 2010). The College of Nurses is the governing body for registered nurses that protect the public through regulating the nursing profession (CNO, 2014). A practising nurse is obliged to follow the standards of care and ethical guidelines set out by this governing body (CNO, 2014). The College of Nurses lists seven ethical values which are all important, but recognizes that client well-being is a primary value (CNO, 2014). The College of Nurses connotation of client well-being is to promote the patients health, while preventing or removing harm (CNO, 2014). In the case regarding Mr. Gurt, where the nurse is required to weigh him monthly and record the data, she is morally responsible for the patient’s well-being and for any adverse outcomes regarding his health for failing to provide safe care. The nurse’s complacency in failing to weigh Mr. Gurt, a simple act, would be of concern in investigating her moral responsibility in providing ethical care in her work environment. The nurse’s ethical duty is to advocate for her patients and provide safe, effective, and ethical care (CNO, 2014). Possible outcomes that could arise for the nurse in failing to provide ethical care include: her co-worker filing a complaint to the College of Nurses, a discipline hearing with the College of nurses, and possibly a lawsuit (CNO, 2014). Potter & Perry note the criteria nurses can be found liable for negligence as summarized; the nurse owed the duty to the patient; to whom that duty was not carried out; and the patient was injured for failing to carry out that duty (Potter & Perry 2013, p. 96). A common negligent act is failing to monitor a patient’s condition adequately (Potter et al., 2013, p. 97). For a nurse to be sued, and in the case with Mr. Gurt, the nurse had carelessly not performed a duty which was vital to his ongoing care. While the ability to predict harm is evaluated is this case, the nurse had committed a wrong doing to Mr. Gurt and could be tried as an unintentional tort. (Potter et al., 2013, p. 97-98). According to the Criminal Code, 1985, if Mr. Gurt was to pass away as a result of improper care or toxic levels of medication being given due  to the nurse failing to weigh him, the nurse could also face criminal liability if the nurse was proven to have a reckless disregard for her patient (Potter et al., 2013, p. 99-100). The best way for nurses to avoid being negligent is to follow the standards of care; be self aware and to reflect on their nursing practise; to follow the ethical framework established by the College of Nurses; and to continuall y educate themselves on best practices, assessments, and evaluations within their nursing abilities (Potter et al., 2013, p.98). With that in mind, one final thing I would suggest is to have professional liability and legal assistance protection insurance coverage. References BIBLIOGRAPHY l 4105 Ackley, J. A., Ladwig, G. B. (2011). Nursing Diagnosis Handbook (9th ed.). St. Louis: Mosby/Elsevier Canada. Austin, S. (2006). Ladies & gentlemen of the jury, I present†¦ the nursing documentation. Nursing, 56-64 Calculate Your Body Mass Index. (n.d.).Calculate Your BMI. Retrieved June 4, 2014, from http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/guidelines/obesity/BMI/bmicalc.htm.(n.d.). College of Nurses of Ontario/Ordre des Infirmià ¨res et Infirmiers de l’Ontario. (2014). College of Nurses of Ontario. Retrieved June 15, 2014, from http://www.cno.org/ Holloway, N. (1999). Medical-Surgical Care Planning. Orinda: Springhouse Corporation. Keatings, M. (2010). Ethical & Legal Issues in Canadian Nursing (3rd ed.). Toronto:Mosby/Elsevier Canada. Lorefalt, B., Ganowiak, W., Palhagen, S., Toss, G., Unosson, M., Granerus, A.K,.(2004). Factors of Importance for Weight Loss in Elderly Patients with Parkinson’s disease. Acta Neurologica Scandinavica, 180-187. Ozata, O., Oztu rk, Y.E., Cihangiroglu, N., Altunkan, H. (2013). The Development of a Scale of Malpractice Trend in Nursing and Validity and Reliabilty Analysis. International Journal of Academic Research, 57-65. Potter, P. A., Perry, A. G., Kerr, J. C., & Wood, M. J. (2009). Canadian Fundamentals of Nursing (4th ed.). Toronto: Mosby/Elsevier Canada. Raman-Wilms, L. (2013). Guide to Drugs in Canada (4th ed.). Toronto: Dorling Kindersley. Urquhart, B. (2014). Exploring how kidney failure impact’s the body’s systems. Western News. Wilk, M. J., Newmaster, R. (2013). Canadian Textbook for the Support Worker.Toronto: Mosby/ Elsevier Canada.

Whakatane Work Income Office - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1230 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2019/06/24 Category Culture Essay Level High school Tags: Ethnographic Essay Did you like this example? ETHNOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION (What did you observe? What struck you as particularly interesting? What elements are you going to focus on?): This ethnographic description is an observation of Whakatane Work and Income office environment, I went about my research through a 50minute observation at the Work and Income office situated in Whakatane on Tuesday 27th November 2018 at 11am to 11.50am. The elements I am going to focus on is human behaviour between the client and the officer. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Whakatane Work Income Office" essay for you Create order The Work Income office is situated in the main township of Whakatane and is close neighbours to The Police Station and The Court House. It is a new looking building, it is placed on an empty lot with much of the space taken up with car spaces and small easy to maintain gardens. Approaching the front entrance there are 2 security guards who greet you and open the doors for you. You immediately step into the buildings main waiting area with a lot of big windows and a very high ceiling, big grey and white tiles covers the floor. The waiting area consists of bench type seating small play area for the children and a floor to ceiling double opening doors which leads into the Work and Income reception area. To the left of the Work and Income double doors is a staircase leading to upstairs organizations such as Youth Justice, CYFs, Anamata (adult education) Oranga Tamariki. I seated myself in the main waiting area in such a way so I could observe directly into Work and Income office, the front main door, and the staircase. lots of natural light in the room, I could see twelve curvy shaped modern looking desks, scattered around the room each with a computer and 1 seat for the officer and the opposite side of the desk are two seats for the client and I assumed a support person or partner. There are four computer stations for clients to use to access job opportunities, one main reception desk and 1 security guard standing directly behind the receptionist, playing on his phone. I approached the front receptionist and asked receptionist if I could use the computer to look for work, she said that anyone from the public have access to the computers, I spent the remainder of my observation at the computer station. I noticed that everyone that entered the work and income area were dressed in the same manner, sandals or tennis shoes, trackpants or jeans, t shirt or hoodie. What are the people you are observing doing in general or attempting to accomplish: The types of people were all different individual members of society, I became curious when I spotted a young lady approximately 17 – 18 years-old waiting for her Work and Income case manager to return. She sits awkwardly with a little baby boy (I assume is her son) asleep in the pram beside her, I noticed the way the young lady was admiring the sleeping baby. The case manager returns and is attempting to engage her by firing questions at the young lady, but it was plain to see that the young lady was comprehensive about this as I am sure that the young lady was in an unfamiliar environment. The young lady became teary and raised her voice I need help for food, the officer replied â€Å"sorry† you will have to wait till your benefit is approved, maybe you can ask your parents for help, the young lady replied they disowned me because I decided to keep my baby. The security guard headed towards the young lady, but she was already in the motion of quickly wiping the tears from her face, took hold of her pram and walked out of the office, head down and holding back the tears. I observed four people declined for food grants, as the computer station is situated next to the receptionist. I was confused why the staff didn’t refer them to food bank, but it was a straight out (you’ve used your entitlement to food voucher) we can’t help you. People walked out just the same as the young lady, head down with a (what am I going to do now) look on their face. The behaviour from the clients were consistent, they were at the work and income office for help wit her it be financial (payments being stopped, failure to hand in forms) or in the form of food grants. The staff are as consistent as the clients (No we can’t help you) or very minimum help which is why the clients are there in the first place. The approach of the staff is quite abrupt and lacks empathy regarding the client’s situation. I felt that everyone is treated and looked upon as a beneficiary or here for something, once entering the work and income office. The whole time I was there the security guard was focused on his phone, I asked him what he was playing, he smiled and said (Candy Crush) PROPOSED ANALYSIS (what anthropological concepts are you going to use to make sense of the above? What kind of explanation are you going to offer?): I have used the following concepts to help me make sense of my observation at Whakatane Work Income Office, utilising Rawls two principles of justice (Liberty Equality) Rawls states â€Å"Together, they dictate that society should be structured so that the greatest possible amount of liberty is given to its members, Secondly, inequalities either social or economic are only to be allowed if the worst off will be better off than they might be under an equal distribution† I also chose Ethnicity based on the society in which one lives. Culture as it deals with human culture especially with respect to social structure belief, art, law, morals, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society. A society because I am dealing with group of individuals involved in persistent social interaction, or a large social group sharing the same geographical or social territory, typically subject to the same political authority and dominant cultural expectations. Poverty is often a vicious circle, people in poverty (whether they are on low wages or on benefits) have fewer opportunities and resources, which in turn translates into less education, fewer job skills and an increased chance of needing benefits as adults. I have always believed that the best solution for poverty is to initially create decent paying jobs. It is clearly important that people break their dependency on welfare by gaining employment and therefore gaining access to stable incomes which allows them to risk manage their own lives. Creating opportunities for steady employment at reasonable wages is the best way to take people out of poverty. I totally agree with John Rawls who commented in A Theory of Justice that a just society will ensure â€Å"full employment in the sense that anyone who wants to work will be able to do so.† His commitment to full employment never wavered, and he noted in Political Liberalism that lack of the opportunity for meaningful work and occupation is destructive of citizens’ self-respect.† I would examine a practical ethical framework which Work Income could implement into their current framework concentrating on Employment or Self Employment for clients. I would also research Australia Centrelink and compare frameworks as Australia Centrelink have great systems in place at there offices which focus on employment.

Themes In Walking While Black By Garnette Cadogan - 873 Words

Scrolling through the possible essays, it didn’t take long to find one that was eye catching. Walking While Black, by Garnette Cadogan, caught my attention for obvious reasons. The author takes a personal story that shows his interests-walking that is very current and understandable to most audiences. Cadogan depicts one of the terrors black men risk enduring everyday life in the United States. Cadogan’s storyline, quotes and informal language assist readers to reach a sense of connection with his experiences. The beginning of the essay takes us where his love of walking begins-his hometown Kingston, Jamaica. The storyline, starting from his late night strolls in his hometown, Cadogan walks us through how he ended up in the New York City†¦show more content†¦Walking While Black, is intended for non-Black and non-immigrant readers. This essay gives an opportunity to receive a glimpse of the impact of racism from the eyes of a black immigrant. His first stop living in the States, was in New Orleans. For the very first time during his walks Cadogan had to be mindful of how his presence affected others. One technique I immediately noticed is that Cadogan is skilled in dialogue and scenarios that make it an ease to read along and visualize. He adds just enough detail without over explaining. Cadogan shares that he has to wear his university sweaters so he wouldn’t be so threatening to strangers, thicken his Jamaican accent and â€Å"accidently† give the police his student I.D. rather than his license like his other peers told him to do. Cadogan gives â€Å"a cardinal rule: Keep a wide perimeter from people who might consider me a danger. If not, danger might visit me.† If the author was writing to familiar readers, he wouldn’t have the need to share ways he maneuver around town. After hurricane Katrina wiped out Louisiana, Cadogan decided to live with his aunt in New York. He might have felt like a pariah in New Orleans from pedestrians, but Cadogan faced the common prejudice that many did in New York from the police. During his time in New York he uses words like exuberant, oppression, reoccupy, beguiling, exhilarating, and vibrant. HisShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of White Rage By Carol Anderson1151 Words   |  5 Pagesaggression at the hands of white men, and she seems to really focus on an unarmed African American male who was shot by a white police officer in Ferguson, Missouri. â€Å"Black and Blue,† by Garnette Cadogan continues with the struggles of police brutality in America, but also touches on the abuse in his home country of Jamaica. Cadogan gives specific events that have happened in his life, from avoiding murder in the streets of Kingston, Jamaica, to being chased in New York City for simply running.

Abraham Lincoln The Greatest President Of The United States

Abraham Lincoln, arguably said to be the greatest president of the United States, was simply a smooth-tongued politician with the ability to sway the masses and imbibe a sense of patriotism which would allow for the United States to go to war against itself, all while under the guise of equality and slavery; when in reality the war was about individual state rights, and the fact that the southern states were becoming too powerful to be controlled by the centralized federal government. Even from the beginning of his first inaugural address, Abraham Lincoln was hinting at the civil war to come, and the fact that the southern states would be brought under subjugation of the Union states unless they complied with the demands of the Union. During his first inaugural speech, Abraham Lincoln attempts to lure the southern states into a false sense of security by saying, apprehension seems to exist among the people of the Southern States that... their property and their peace and personal sec urity are to be endangered. There has never been any reasonable cause for such apprehension... [as] I have no purpose, directly or indirectly, to interfere with the institution of slavery in the States where it exists. I believe I have no lawful right to do so, and I have no inclination to do so (First Inaugural Address). 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What president has served the best for our country? None other than Abraham Lincoln. Abraham Lincoln is the greatest president ever because he did great things such as ending slavery, getting the us through the Civil War, and helped our country a lot. The American Civil War was a war between the Southern states and the Confederate states. Abraham Lincoln was not very prepared for the war militarilyRead MoreMore Than Just A Five Dollar Bill1429 Words   |  6 Pagesto many other countries across the globe, The United States of America is defiantly one of the youngest nations. The nation is only 238 years old which is not a long time compared to other countries. Over the last 238 years a lot has happened in America. One thing that has not changed in the United States of America is the government. When people came over from England to the United States, people were not used to having a president. The President would fulfill the wants of the people of the nationRead MoreThe Legacy Of Abraham Lincoln Essay944 Words   |  4 PagesAbraham Lincoln The President that was murdered because he forever freed the slaves in 1863 is how many people in today’s society remember the sixteenth president of the United States of America. President Abraham Lincoln leadership qualities and accomplishments go far beyond that life altering proclamation. American educator Dr. Stephen Covey states, â€Å"Always surround yourself with people who are even more talented and competent than you† This quote is relevant to the leadership skills and qualitiesRead MoreEssay Abraham Lincoln1426 Words   |  6 Pages As the 16th president, Abraham Lincoln was known to be the greatest American President. He guided his country through one of the most catastrophic experiences in its history, the Civil War. He was a very unique president, being the first president to have a beard, being the tallest president standing at 6’4 and also being the first to be assassinated. Abe Lincoln accomplished many things in the 4 year term he had served before being assassinated. With his intelligence and hard work, he madeRead MoreLeadership Skills And Qualities Of President Abraham Lincoln936 Words   |  4 PagesThe President that was murdered because he forever freed the slaves in 1863 is how many people in today s society remember the sixteenth president of the United States of America. President Abraham Lincoln leadership qualities and accomplishments go far beyond that life altering proclamation. American educator Dr. Stephen Covey states, â€Å"Always surround yourself with people who are eve n more talented and competent than you† This quote is relevant to the leadership skills and qualities of PresidentRead MoreComparing Barak Obamas Administration to Abraham Lincolns Essay741 Words   |  3 Pagespeople may say one president was the best while another person may disagree. In my opinion out of all the presidents there is a man named Abraham Lincoln who i think was one of the greatest presidents of all time. One of are presidents in the present who i think does not do a very good job in office is president Barack Obama. There are a lot of reasons why i put these two in the catogories i did and in my essay i am going to explain this reasoning behind my opinion. Abraham lincoln is in my opinionRead MorePresident Abraham Lincoln : Greatest President Of American History1516 Words   |  7 PagesOctober 2014 President Abraham Lincoln: Greatest President in American History President Lincoln said the following about the South in his Inaugural Address, In your hands, my dissatisfied fellow countrymen, and not in mine, is the momentous issue of civil war. The government will not assail you.... You have no oath registered in Heaven to destroy the government, while I shall have the most solemn one to preserve, protect and defend it.(Freidel and Sidey 2006) President Abraham Lincoln is look uponRead More Abraham Lincoln - President During the Civil War Essay741 Words   |  3 PagesAbraham Lincoln - President During the Civil War Abraham Lincoln was assuredly one of the greatest presidents in American history. This is demonstrated by his effective administration during the Civil War, the creation of policies that benefited everyone in the United States and the efforts that kept the United States from splintering during the Civil War and from its aftermath. Lincoln made excellent decisions in the Civil War. He guided his nation from being torn apartRead MoreEssay on Abraham Lincoln, A Great Leader in American History781 Words   |  4 Pagesthe United States of America, many great people have directed toward success. The American nation has been honored with many of the greatest people in history, including George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, and James Madison. Abraham Lincoln is considered one of the most greatest president in US History. Abraham Lincoln was born on February 12,1809 in Hodgenville, Kentucky. He is known for his leadership and skills as president along with his pleasant personality. Abraham Lincoln was

Describe Australia’s Consitution Free Essays

On the 1st January 1901 Australia became one nation. Prior to this Australia consisted of six separate colonies who all answered to British authority. The British government then passed the Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act 1900 (UK) and federation was achieved. We will write a custom essay sample on Describe Australia’s Consitution or any similar topic only for you Order Now The British government had provided Australia with a constitution which was a set of rules which the government had to follow in order to run the country. Parts of the constitution include the division of power between the different levels of government and the establishment of the High Court. Australia is a constitutional monarch. This is a form of government in which a monarch acts as head of state and because the British monarchy still plays a role in the Australian parliament, the government has a Governor-General. The Governor-General is the representative of the monarch or head of state (now Queen Elizabeth II). He or she exercises the supreme power of the Commonwealth. The constitution grants the Governor-General a wide range of powers. The most important power the Governor-General has is found in section 58 of the constitution. When a proposed law passed by both Houses of Parliament is presented to the Governor-General for the Queen’s assent, he shall declare †¦ that he assents in the Queen’s name. † This means they have the power to decide which laws come into force. The constitution divides up the powers between the federal government and the states. This is covered in Chapter 1, Part V in sections 51 to 60. It specifies the legislative p owers of the federal parliament which enables them to make laws. Section 52 outlines the exclusive powers of the federal government. The state parliament was given residual powers, these are the remaining matters which are not referred to in the constitution on which the states can legislate. The federal parliament was given the power to make laws on all matters listed in section 51. The state government can also make laws in many of the areas listed in section 51. This is an example of concurrent power which are powers held by both the state and federal parliaments. Each state has its own constitution along with residual powers. Some of the main powers of the state governments are in the areas of crime hospitals and public transport. When there is conflict between federal and state governments the solution is found in section 109 which states ‘When a law of a State is inconsistent with a law of the Commonwealth, the latter shall prevail, and the former shall, to the extent of the inconsistency be invalid’. This means that federal overrules state. According to section 51, the federal government can pass laws on foreign relations and trade and commerce around the world, taxation, currency, immigration and emigration etc. They also have the power to pass laws on the naval and military defence of the commonwealth, naturalization and aliens and the provision of maternity allowances. This is just a handful of what the many areas listed in section 51 are. Overall the entire Australian government answers to the constitution. This constitution combined six colonies into one country. A country that is now one of the most powerful countries in the world. How to cite Describe Australia’s Consitution, Essay examples

Dialectical Journals

Dialectical Journals- Things Fall Apart Essay Dialectical Journals1. His fame rested on solid personal achievements. Pg. 3 paragraph 1All fame begins when you do something noticeable. For example, actors and actresses build upon their careers and reputations by achieving excellence in their personal goals, as well as perfecting their public performance. 2. It was said that when he slept, his wives and children in his houses could hear him breathe. Pg. 4 paragraph 1One question that comes to mind when I read this is if he alternates between homes on certain days or months. From what I understand, it used to be socially acceptable to have many wives and children, but they all lived together in one home, scattered among different chambers within the house. The use of the word homes is what made me wonder. 3. He always said that whenever he saw a dead mans mouth he saw the folly of not eating what one had in ones lifetime. Pg. 4 paragraph 2I think that what the author was trying to imply in this passage was that in his personal experience, he has noticed that many people take many things for granted and that they dont live their lives according to what they want and need to do. So much is wasted during ones lifetime, and people just allow their lives to pass them by. 4. As he broke the kola, Unoka prayed to their ancestors for life and health, and for protection against their enemies. Pg. 6 paragraph 5The impression that I got was that Okoye just came over on a whim. Is it customary to honor and pray to the ancestors whenever you have company; expected or unexpected? This seems awkward. 5. Okoye was also a musician. He played on the ogene. But he was not a failure like Unoka. Pg. 7 paragraph 6I can compare this selection to my personal life in both the resent and the past. Even though I have many things in common with my friends, I often feel like a failure in comparison to them, as if they are better than I am at things that we do regularly, much like Unoka in comparison to Okoye. 6. A snake was never called by its name at night, because it would hear. Pg. 9 paragraph 2The act of fear is much more common in the dark. In the dark, people expect things to be lurking around the bend, waiting for someone to summon it. I can relate this selection to my past experiences with my friends. When we were in elementary school, we would go into a dark bathroom and say the name, Bloody Mary. Even though this is so immature, we still feared the superstition that she could really be on the other side of the mirror, waiting to attack us when we summon her. 7. Okonkwo ruled his house with a heavy hand. His wives, especially the youngest, lived in perpetual fear of his fiery temper, and so did his little children. Pg. 13 paragraph 1This is the modern, everyday life of many unfortunate people. For People of all ages. You can hear on the news about wives and children and even husbands who were killed in acts of rage and domestic violence. Even though I am unable to relate to this certain passage, I was still touched and I actually felt sympathy for these fictitious characters. 8. And so Okonkwo was ruled by one passion- to hate everything that his father Unoka had loved. Pg. 13 paragraph 1I can relate this selection to not only myself, but to todays youth in general. Because many teenagers are forced into doing things that they dont want to do, (but their parents want for them,) they begin to spite what they are being forced to do. In this quote however, Okonkwo HATED his father, where as the people that I am referring to simply despise the fact that they are unable to make their own decisions or feel that they have a lack of freedom. 9. Okonkwos first son, Nwoye, was then twelve years old but was already causing his father great anxiety for his incipient laziness. At any rate, that was how it looked to his father, and he sought to correct him by constant nagging and beating. And so Nwoye was developing into a sad-faced youth. Pg. 13-14 paragraph 2 and 1Now a day, many parents cant see that their children really are trying their very best. Often times, nothing is good enough. Many adolescent people can relate to this quote. Parents often force their children into working very hard, (even at an exhausting rate), which makes them feel like their best is not good enough; that they are not good enough to be members in their own family. All of those factors can drive the youth to go into a serious stage of depression or low self-esteem; or become a sad-faced youth. It is like their time of innocence, fun, and youth is being ripped from their cold, dead hands. 10. His name was Nwakibie and he had taken the highest but one title which a man could take in the clan. Women In Buddhism Essay20. I think she will stay. They usually stay if they do not die before the age of six. Pg. 46 paragraph 9What are they talking about? In this country is it legal for a ten-year-old child to move out? Where is she going to go? If it is customary for children to stay home until they are adults, then why are they having this conversation? Why do they reserve the right to be so perplexed over this whole situation? It makes no sense at all for them to waste their time talking about whether or not her daughter will stay. They should just follow their silly superstitions and customs so they dont make their dead family members or their pretend gods angry. If they break traditional rules, then their beloved yams will never grow. 21. when they thought they were equally matched, they stopped them. Pg. 47 paragraph 4Why do the judges decide when the match is over? This seems unfair. The judges could favor one wrestler over the other and just make it so that he wins instead. Why cant they just leave it where one man is unable to get up and fight, then he loses? That would make more sense than to have some people who arent even fighting decide when its over 22. have enough in the barn to feed the ancestors. Pg. 53 paragraph 1This is so ludicrous. Why do they need to feed their ancestors? It is ridiculous to waste their own food; to put it on a grave and watch it rot. Who in the right mind would do something nutty like that? This reminds me of the time that a restaurant, Carlos OBriens was closed down. I can see a deep comparison in these two stories:Carlos OBriens owners wouldnt pay their taxes. They were closed permanently. A while after the restaurant had become inaccessible to the owners, it began to smell very badly. A discovery was made that the restaurants fresh, nice meat had begun to rot. It was a shame that the manager did not retrieve the meat and use it for himself while it was still good. Now, pretend that the restaurant is your great aunt Marcy. She dies because she is old. Now, shes your dead ancestor. It sure is a shame that she had to die. But, you keep on living even though she is dead. And you still need to eat and you still need to live. Which seems like a smarter cho ice?a.Give her dead body all of your food so it can rot and not be used Orb.Take your food with you so that it can be used before it expires. I hope that you chose b, because b is the only choice that anyone with a common sense gene would choose. 23. Okonkwo told the story of how he had stalked his victim, overpowered him, and obtained his first human head. Pg. 54 paragraph 2So do many people of this country like to decapitate other living people for sport? Is it common and legal to steal someones life just so that you can have his or her disgusting head? How did Okonkwo pick his victim? In the quote it says first human head. Does he have many human heads? Does it make Okonkwo a big tough manly man to stalk and decapitate a poor innocent man? That is a crime. Its a felony and he is a felon. Felonies are absolutely NOTHING to be proud of under any circumstance. 24. The locusts are descending, was joyfully chanted everywhere. Pg. 55 paragraph 4It seems as if everyone is unaware of the damage that locusts can cause on crops. Their excitement makes me feel as if they are ignorant. Locusts are filthy, disgusting insects. If the villagers knew what the small, disaster-riddled pests were capable of doing, then they would fear the swarms return instead of praising and rejoicing it. 25. My daughters suitor is coming today. Pg. 65 paragraph 7Why is a ten-year-old child getting married? Is the man also ten years old? Why would an adult want to marry someone who hasnt even reached adolescence yet? It made sense to them to sell their daughters for marriage once they started menstruating, but why would they sell off a child who probably wouldnt start to do that for up to two years after the marriage. 26. You might as well say that the woman lies on top of the man when they are making the children. Pg. 74 paragraph 3This shows that in the days of this book, sex was just for making children; not for fun. Now a day, men like sex in a variety of positions. They often like domineering women who are on the top rather than the bottom. I suppose that back then, the men had little respect for the women so they felt that they should be below them. If they were on top during sex, then the men may feel intimidated by the womans strength and be disgusted that they have no shame. Words/ Pages : 2,518 / 24